Iran Summary – August 2025

Summary:

Prompted by Iran’s noncooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the European powers (E3) of the United Kingdom, France, and Germany moved to reinstate United Nations snapback sanctions on the regime ahead of their expiration in October. Meanwhile, Tehran enhanced its defensive capabilities following the 12-Day War by establishing the Supreme National Defense Council (SNDC) to refine the government’s crisis response and decision-making in the event of a future conflict with the United States or Israel. Iran’s military also conducted a missile naval exercise, sought help from Belarus to restore its defense systems, and developed a new series of ballistic missiles.

Despite Iranian civilians facing severe financial hardships and the possibility of a further nationwide economic crisis, Iran’s continued arming of and funding for the Houthis empowered the group to launch its first ballistic missile containing cluster munitions at Israel. Simultaneously, Iran also threatened violence against Israel and Lebanon as the countries’ governments seek to disarm Hezbollah.

Additionally, Iran targeted Western interests by carrying out cyberattacks to disrupt hostage-ceasefire negotiations between Israel and Hamas, threatening military action against the United States and Europe, and directing antisemitic assaults in Australia. The regime also threatened future attacks against Iran International journalists while cracking down on internal dissent by reinforcing troops and boosting surveillance throughout the country.

Click here to read the August 2025 Iran Summary.