Iran Summary – November 2025

Iranian officials continued to defend the country’s nuclear program despite the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Board of Directors demanding they permit United Nations (UN) inspectors to access Iran’s nuclear sites and provide information on the regime’s missing enriched uranium stockpile.

Meanwhile, several reports released in November revealed Iranian efforts to rearm Hezbollah through illicit Turkish and maritime routes and fund the group through UAE-based front companies, evading international sanctions. Other reports highlighted widespread Iran-backed cyberattacks, including one in which hackers leaked plans for Australia’s purchase of military vehicles. Additionally, an exclusive Iran International report revealed the origins of the secretive hacker group, Department 40, and its threatening actions towards Iranian dissidents and regime critics worldwide.

Domestically, Iranians suffered severe water shortages amidst a months-long drought, prompting Iran’s president to raise the possibility of relocating Iran’s capital city. Meanwhile, the Islamic Republic carried out over 300 executions in November, contributing to record levels of state executions in 2025.

Click here to read the November 2025 Iran Summary.