Iran Summary – March 2025

Executive Summary: On March 15, President Donald Trump authorized an air campaign in Yemen following Houthi aggression in the Red Sea, and U.S. forces continue to carry out daily strikes. Accusing the Houthis of acting on behalf of Iran as they continue to target vessels in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, one of the world’s most vital maritime waterways, Trump took to social media and threatened action against Tehran. His threats against Iran follow a month-long back and forth with Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei regarding nuclear deal negotiations. Through interviews, social media posts, and even letters addressed to Khamenei himself, Trump repeatedly offered Iran a choice to relinquish its nuclear program either diplomatically or militarily. Despite Trump’s efforts, Khamenei and other Iranian representatives have rejected direct negotiations with the United States under the threat of military pressure. Israel resumed military operations in the Gaza Strip after U.S.-Hamas ceasefire negotiations collapsed. Israel carried out widespread strikes in southern Lebanon after Hezbollah fired several rockets in violation of the ceasefire that had been in effect since November 2024. Iran’s currency, the rial, fell to a historic low against the U.S. dollar. According to the Oslo-based Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO), as of March 31, the Islamic Republic had executed 229 people in 2025.

Click here to read the March 2025 Iran Summary.