Summary: Prompted by Iran’s noncooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the European powers (E3) of the United Kingdom, France, and Germany moved to reinstate United Nations snapback sanctions on the regime ahead of their expiration in October. Meanwhile,…

The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) remains one of the few pieces of must-pass legislation in Congress each year, enabling effective congressional oversight of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and framing U.S. national security policy on a bipartisan basis…

Summary: In July 2025, Iran sought to recover from devastating blows to its nuclear program and military sustained during the 12-day war with Israel. Iran demonstrated limited interest in pursuing further diplomacy over its nuclear program in the wake of…

JINSA research shows that the June 13-24 war was likely more expensive for Iran, particularly when measured as a share of its GDP per capita, than for the United States or Israel, suggesting prolonged conflicts would disadvantage Iran. Yet, the…